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(Latin Out of Many, One) |image_map United States (orthographic projection).svg |map_width 220px |national_anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner |official_languages None at federal level |languages_type National language |languages English language ([[de facto]] |capital Washington, D.C. |largest_city New York City |latd 38|latm53|latNSN|longd77|longm01|longEWW |government_type Federal republic constitutional republic presidential system republic |leader_title1 President of the United States |leader_name1 Barack Obama (Democratic Party (United States) |leader_title2 Vice President of the United States |leader_name2 Joe Biden (Democratic Party (United States) |leader_title3 |leader_name3 Nancy Pelosi (Democratic Party (United States) |leader_title4 Chief Justice of the United States |leader_name4 John G. Roberts |legislature United States Congress |upper_house United States Senate |lower_house United States House of Representatives |sovereignty_type American Revolutionary War |established_event1 United States Declaration of Independence |established_date1 July 4, 1776 |established_event2 Treaty of Paris (1783) |established_date2 September 3, 1783 |established_event3 United States Constitution |established_date3 June 21, 1788 |area_footnote |area_sq_mi 3794101 |area_km2 9826675 |area_rank 3rd/4th |area_magnitude 1 E12 |percent_water 6.76 |population_estimate lt;ref name"POP"/> |population_estimate_year |population_estimate_rank 3rd |population_census 281,421,906lt;/ref> |population_census_year 2000 |population_density_km2 32 |population_density_sq_mi 83 |population_density_rank 178th |GDP_PPP_year 2009 |GDP_PPP $14.256 trillionlt;/ref> |GDP_PPP_rank 1st |GDP_PPP_per_capita $46,381 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank 6th |GDP_nominal $14.256 trillion |GDP_nominal_rank 1st |GDP_nominal_year 2009 |GDP_nominal_per_capita $46,381 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank 9th |HDI_year 2007 |HDI 0.956http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf Human Development Report 2009]. The United Nations. Retrieved October 5, 2009. |HDI_rank 13th |HDI_category very high |Gini 45.0 |Gini_rank 44th |Gini_year 2007 |currency United States dollar ($) |currency_code USD |country_code USA |utc_offset −5 to −10 |utc_offset_DST −4 to −10 |cctld .us .gov .mil .edu |calling_code North American Numbering Plan |date_format m/d/yy (Anno Domini |drives_on right |demonym Names for U.S. citizens |footnotes . English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official". English and Hawaiian language are both official languages in the state of Hawaii. . English is the de factolanguage of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the Spanish in the United States . Whether the United States or the People's Republic of China is larger is List of countries and outlying territories by total area The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency s [[World Factbook]] Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the countrys size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. . The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (most in Puerto Rico , or U.S. citizens living outside the United States. }} The United States of America (also referred to as the United States the U.S. the USA the States or America is a federalism constitutional republic comprising U. S. state and a federal district The country is situated mostly in central North America where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C. the capital districts and territories lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean , bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses Territories of the United States in the Caribbean and Pacific. At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 309 million people, the United States is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area largest country by total area, and the third largest both by List of countries and outlying territories by land area and List of countries by population It is one of the worlds most Multiethnic society and multiculturalism nations, the product of large-scale immigration to the United States Adams, J. Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). Dealing with Diversity Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X. The Economy of the United States is the worlds largest national economy, with an estimated 2009 gross domestic product of $14.3 trillion (a quarter of List of countries by GDP (nominal) and a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity .lt;/ref>The European Union has a larger collective economy, but is not a single nation. Indigenous peoples of the Americas of Models of migration to the New World have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native Americans in the United States population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European colonization of the Americas The United States was founded by Thirteen Colonies located along the East Coast of the United States On July 4, 1776, they issued the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolutionary War the first successful History of colonialism Dull, Jonathan R. (2003). "Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783," p. 352, chap. in A Companion to the American Revolution ed. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole. Maiden, Mass.: Blackwell, pp. 352–361. ISBN 1-4051-1674-9. The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The United States Bill of Rights comprising ten List of amendments to the United States Constitution guaranteeing many natural rights was ratified in 1791. In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from Louisiana Purchase Adams-Onís Treaty the Oregon Country Mexican–American War and Alaska Purchase and Annexation the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii Disputes between the Southern United States and Northern United States over states' rights and the expansion of the slavery in the United States provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The Norths victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the worlds largest.lt;/ref> The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the countrys status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the Nuclear weapons and the United States and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council The end of the Cold War and the History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991) left the United States as the sole superpower The country accounts for two-fifths of List of countries by military expenditures and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.lt;/ref>

Etymology

In 1507, German cartography Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere Americas after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci lt;/ref> The former British colonies first used the countrys modern name in the United States Declaration of Independence the "unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America" adopted by the "Representatives of the united States of America" on July 4, 1776.lt;/ref> On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation which states, "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be The United States of America." The Franco-American treaties of 1778 used "United States of North America", but from July 11, 1778, "United States of America" was used on the countrys bills of exchange and it has been the official name ever since.lt;/ref> The short form the United Statesis also standard. Other common forms include the U.S. the USA and America Colloquial names include the U.S. of A.and the States [[Columbia (name)|Columbia]] a once popular name for the United States, was derived from Christopher Columbus it appears in the name "Washington, D.C. . The standard way to refer to a citizen of the United States is as an [[American (word)|American]] Though United Statesis the formal appositional term, Americanand U.S.are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values," "U.S. forces"). Americanis rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States.Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993). The Columbia Guide to Standard American English New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 27–28. ISBN 0-231-06989-8. The phrase "the United States" was originally treated as plural—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified in 1865. It became common to treat it as singular—e.g., "the United States is"—after the end of the Civil War. The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these United States".lt;/ref>

Geography, climate, and environment

File:USATopographicalMap.jpg of the contiguous United States ] The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1.9 billion acres (770 million hectares). Alaska, separated from the contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million acres (150 million hectares). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres (1.6 million hectares).lt;/ref> After Russia and Canada, the United States is the worlds third or fourth List of countries and outlying territories by total area (land and water), ranking just above or below People's Republic of China The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total size of the United States is calculated: the CIA World Factbookgives 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,675 km²),(area given in square kilometers) the United Nations Statistics Division gives (area given in square kilometers) and the Encyclopædia Britannicagives lt;/ref> Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.lt;/ref> File:Barns grand tetons.jpg part of the Rocky Mountains ] The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont (United States) The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwestern United States The Mississippi River Missouri River the worlds List of rivers by length runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by U.S. Interior Highlands in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Mojave Desert The Sierra Nevada (U.S.) and Cascade Range mountain ranges run close to the West Coast of the United States At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaskas Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Active volcano s are common throughout Alaskas Alexander Archipelago and Aleutian Islands and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continents largest volcanic feature.lt;/ref> File:Haliaeetus leucocephalus2.jpg national bird of the United States since 1782]] The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian west the climate ranges from humid continental climate in the north to humid subtropical climate in the south. The southern tip of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Much of the Western mountains are alpine climate The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean climate in coastal California and oceanic climate in coastal Oregon and Washington (US state) and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to Tropical cyclone and most of the worlds tornado s occur within the country, mainly in the Midwests Tornado Alley lt;/ref> The U.S. ecology is considered "megadiverse countries : about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plant are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.lt;/ref> The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species.lt;/ref> About 91,000 insect species have been described.lt;/ref> The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service There are fifty-eight List of areas in the United States National Park System and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness area .lt;/ref> Altogether, the government owns 28.8% of the countrys land area.lt;/ref> Most of this is protected area though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching; 2.4% is used for military purposes.

History

Native Americans and European settlers

The Indigenous peoples of the Americas of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives are most commonly believed to have Models of migration to the New World They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago.lt;/ref> Some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. After Europeans began settling the Americas, Population history of American indigenous peoples from epidemics of imported diseases such as smallpox lt;/ref> File:MayflowerHarbor.jpg transported Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony) to the New World in 1620, as depicted in William Halsall s The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor 1882]] In 1492, Genoa explorer Christopher Columbus under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact (anthropology) with the indigenous people. On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "History of Florida —the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. French fur trade s established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Colony of Virginia in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 and the Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony) Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritan . Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, about 50,000 convicts were shipped to Britains American colonies.lt;/ref> Beginning in 1614, the Dutch settled along the lower Hudson River including New Amsterdam on Manhattan In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to History of the Southern United States were indentured servant —some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.Russell, David Lee (2005). The American Revolution in the Southern Colonies Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland, p. 12. ISBN 0-7864-0783-2. By the turn of the century, Slavery in the colonial United States were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia (U.S. state) the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism All legalized the African slave trade With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonial population grew rapidly. The Christian revival st movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the First Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. Excluding the Native Americans in the United States (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6 million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves.Blackburn, Robin (1998). The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800 London and New York: Verso, p. 460. ISBN 1-85984-195-3. Though No taxation without representation the American colonials had no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain

Independence and expansion

File:Declaration independence.jpg , by John Trumbull 1817–18]] Tensions between American colonials and the British during the American Revolution of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War fought from 1775 through 1781. On June 14, 1775, the Second Continental Congress convening in Philadelphia established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington Proclaiming that "all men are created equal and endowed with "certain Natural and legal rights " the Congress adopted the United States Declaration of Independence drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1776. That date is now celebrated annually as Americas Independence Day (United States) In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak confederal government that operated until 1789. After the Siege of Yorktown by American forces France in the American Revolutionary War Great Britain Treaty of Paris (1783) and the states sovereignty over American territory west to the Mississippi River A Philadelphia Convention was organized in 1787 by those wishing to establish a strong national government, with powers of taxation. The United States Constitution was ratified in 1788, and the new republics 1st United States Congress and President of the United States George Washington—took office in 1789. The United States Bill of Rights forbidding federal restriction of Natural rights was adopted in 1791. Attitudes toward Slavery in the United States were shifting; a Article One of the United States Constitution#Section 9: Limits on Congress protected the African slave trade only until 1808. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave state of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution " The Second Great Awakening beginning about 1800, made evangelicalism a force behind various social reform movement , including abolitionism File:U.S. Territorial Acquisitions.png Americans eagerness to Territorial acquisitions of the United States prompted a long series of American Indian Wars The Louisiana Purchase of French-claimed territory under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 almost doubled the nations size. The War of 1812 declared against Britain over various grievances and fought to a draw, strengthened U.S. nationalism A series of U.S. military incursions into Florida led Adams-Onís Treaty it and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819. The Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that stripped the native peoples of their land. The United States annexed the Republic of Texas in 1845. The concept of Manifest Destiny was popularized during this time.Morrison, Michael A. (1999). Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 13–21. ISBN 0-8078-4796-8. The 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day Northwestern United States The U.S. victory in the Mexican–American War resulted in the 1848 Mexican Cession of California and much of the present-day Southwestern United States The California Gold Rush of 1848–49 further spurred western migration. Rail transport in the United States#History made relocation easier for settlers and increased conflicts with Native Americans. Over a half-century, up to 40 million American Bison or buffalo, were slaughtered for skins and meat and to ease the railways spread. The loss of the buffalo, a primary resource for the plains Indians was an existential blow to many native cultures.

Civil War and industrialization

File:Battle of Gettysburg, by Currier and Ives.png , lithograph by Currier and Ives ca. 1863]] Origins of the American Civil War between slave and Slave state mounted with arguments over the relationship between the states' rights as well as Bleeding Kansas over the spread of slavery into new states. Abraham Lincoln candidate of the largely antislavery Republican Party (United States) was elected president in 1860. Before he took office, seven slave states declared their secession which the federal government maintained was illegal—and formed the Confederate States of America With the Confederate Battle of Fort Sumter the American Civil War began and four more slave states joined the Confederacy. Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 declared slaves in the Confederacy to be free. Following the Union (American Civil War) victory in 1865, three amendments to the U.S. Constitution Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution for the nearly four million African American who had been slaves,Page 7 lists a total slave population of 3,953,760. Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The war and its resolution led to a substantial increase in Federalism in the United States De Rosa, Marshall L. (1997). The Politics of Dissolution: The Quest for a National Identity and the American Civil War Edison, NJ: Transaction, p. 266. ISBN 1-56000-349-9. File:Ellis island 1902.jpg New York Harbor 1902]] After the war, the Abraham Lincoln assassination Radical Republicans Reconstruction era of the United States policies aimed at reintegrating and rebuilding the Southern states while ensuring the rights of the newly freed slaves. The resolution of the disputed United States presidential election, 1876 by the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction; Jim Crow laws soon Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era (United States) In the North, urbanization and an unprecedented Immigration to the United States#History from Southern Europe and Eastern Europe hastened the United States technological and industrial history#Technological systems and infrastructure The wave of immigration, lasting until 1929, provided labor and transformed American culture. National infrastructure development spurred economic growth. The 1867 Alaska purchase from Russia completed the countrys mainland expansion. The Wounded Knee massacre in 1890 was the last major armed conflict of the Indian Wars. In 1893, the Ancient Hawaii of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents; the United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. Victory in the Spanish–American War the same year demonstrated that the United States was a Great power and led to the annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines lt;/ref> The Philippines gained independence a half-century later; Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories.

World War I, Great Depression, and World War II

File:Dust Bowl - Dallas, South Dakota 1936.jpg during the Dust Bowl 1936]] At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the United States remained neutral. Most Americans sympathized with the British and French, although many opposed intervention.Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty (1991). The Readers Companion to American History. New York: Houghton Mifflin, p. 576. ISBN 0-395-51372-3. In 1917, the United States joined the Allies of World War I helping to turn the tide against the Central Powers After the war, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles (1919) which established the League of Nations The country pursued a policy of unilateralism verging on isolationism McDuffie, Jerome, Gary Wayne Piggrem, and Steven E. Woodworth (2005). U.S. History Super Review Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association, p. 418. ISBN 0-7386-0070-9. In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting Women's suffrage in the United States The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that triggered the Great Depression in the United States After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal a range of policies increasing government intervention in the economy. The Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave of western migration. File:1944 NormandyLST.jpg 1st Infantry Division (United States) Invasion of Normandy on Normandy Landings June 6, 1944]] The United States, effectively neutral during World War II s early stages after Nazi Germany s Invasion of Poland (1939) in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies of World War II in March 1941 through the Lend-Lease program. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor prompting the United States to join the Allies against the Axis powers as well as the internment of Japanese Americans by the thousands.lt;/ref> Participation in the war spurred capital investment and industrial capacity. Among the major combatants, the United States was the only nation to become richer—indeed, far richer—instead of poorer because of the war.Kennedy, Paul (1989). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers New York: Vintage, p. 358. ISBN 0-679-72019-7. Allied conferences at United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference and Yalta Conference outlined a new system of international organizations that placed the United States and the United Nations and Soviet Union and the United Nations at the center of world affairs. As Victory in Europe Day a 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter which became active after the war.lt;/ref> The United States, having Manhattan Project used them on the Japanese cities of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Surrender of Japan on September 2, ending the war.Pacific War Research Society (2006). Japans Longest Day. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 4-7700-2887-3.

Cold War and protest politics

File:Martin Luther King - March on Washington.jpg delivering his "I Have a Dream speech, 1963]] The United States and Soviet Union jockeyed for power after World War II during the Cold War dominating the military affairs of Europe through NATO and the Warsaw Pact The United States promoted liberal democracy and capitalism, while the Soviet Union promoted communism and a centrally planned economy Both supported dictatorships and engaged in proxy war . American troops fought People's Republic of China forces in the Korean War of 1950–53. The House Un-American Activities Committee pursued a series of investigations into suspected leftist subversion, while Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment. The 1961 Soviet launch of the Vostok 1 prompted President John F. Kennedy s call for the United States to be first to land Apollo program achieved in 1969. Kennedy also faced a Cuban Missile Crisis with Soviet forces in Cuba. Meanwhile, the United States experienced sustained economic expansion. A growing African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) symbolized and led by African Americans such as Rosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr. and James Bevel used nonviolence to confront segregation and discrimination. Following John F. Kennedy assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon expanded a proxy war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War A widespread counterculture of the 1960s grew, fueled by Opposition to the Vietnam War black nationalism and the sexual revolution Betty Friedan Gloria Steinem and others led a Feminist Movement in the United States that sought political, social, and economic equality for women. As a result of the Watergate scandal in 1974 Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign, to avoid being impeachment on charges including obstruction of justice and abuse of power; he was United States presidential line of succession by Vice President Gerald Ford The Jimmy Carter administration of the late 1970s was marked by stagflation and the Iran hostage crisis The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a Conservatism in the United States reflected in major changes in Reaganomics His second term in office brought both the Iran–Contra affair and significant Cold War (1985–1991) The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War.

Contemporary era

File:World-Trade-Center 9-11.jpg on the morning of September 11 attacks ] Under President George H. W. Bush the United States took a lead role in the UN–sanctioned Gulf War The longest economic expansion in modern U.S. history—from March 1991 to March 2001—encompassed the Bill Clinton administration and the dot-com bubble lt;/ref> A Paula Jones and Lewinsky scandal led to Impeachment of Bill Clinton in 1998, but he remained in office. The United States presidential election, 2000 one of the closest in American history, was resolved by a Bush v. Gore George W. Bush son of George H. W. Bush, became president. On September 11 attacks al-Qaeda terrorists struck the World Trade Center in New York City and The Pentagon near Washington, D.C., killing nearly three thousand people. In response, the Presidency of George W. Bush launched a "War on Terrorism . In late 2001, U.S. forces led an War in Afghanistan (2001–present) removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps. Taliban insurgents continue to fight a guerrilla war. In 2002, the Bush administration began to press for regime change in Iraq on Rationale for the Iraq War cite web|authorSpringford, John|titleOld’ and ‘New’ Europeans United: Public Attitudes Towards the Iraq War and US Foreign Policy|publisherCentre for European Reform|urlhttp://www.cer.org.uk/pdf/back_brief_springford_dec03.pdf|monthDecember|year2003|accessdate2008-09-01}} Lacking the support of NATO or an explicit UN mandate for military intervention, Bush organized a Coalition of the willing coalition forces preemptive war 2003 invasion of Iraq in 2003, removing dictator Saddam Hussein In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused severe destruction along much of the Gulf Coast of the United States devastating New Orleans On November 4, 2008, amid a global Late-2000s recession Barack Obama was elected president. He is the first African American to hold the office. In 2010, he oversaw the enactment of major Health care reform in the United States and Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act reform. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that began in April 2010 became the largest peacetime oil disaster in history.lt;/ref>

Government and elections

File:Capitol Building Full View.jpg which houses the United States Congress ]] The United States is the worlds oldest surviving federation It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by Law of the United States "Scheb, John M., and John M. Scheb II (2002). An Introduction to the American Legal System Florence, KY: Delmar, p. 6. ISBN 0-7668-2759-3. The government is regulated by a system of separation of powers defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the countrys supreme legal document. In the Federalism#United States citizens are usually subject to Political divisions of the United States federal, state, and local; the Local government in the United States s duties are commonly split between County (United States) and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality voting system of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels. File:WhiteHouseSouthFacade.JPG home and workplace of the President of the United States ]] The federal government is composed of three branches: * Legislature The bicameralism United States Congress made up of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives makes federal law declaration of war approves treaties, has the power of the purse and has the power of impeachment by which it can remove sitting members of the government. * Executive (government) The President of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto bill (proposed law) before they become law, and appoints the United States Cabinet (subject to Senate approval) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. * Judiciary The Supreme Court of the United States and lower United States federal courts whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find constitutionality File:USSupremeCourtWestFacade.JPG ]] The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are United States congressional apportionment among the states by population every tenth year. As of the United States Census, 2000 seven states have the minimum of one representative, while California, the most populous state, has fifty-three. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office Term limits in the United States The president is United States presidential election but by an indirect United States Electoral College system in which the determining votes are apportioned by state. The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States has nine members, who serve for life. The state governments are structured in roughly similar fashion; Nebraska uniquely has a unicameral legislature. The Governor (U.S.) (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review, and any law ruled in violation of the Constitution is voided. The original text of the Constitution establishes the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. Article One of the United States Constitution protects the right to the "great writ" of Habeas corpus in the United States and Article Three of the United States Constitution guarantees the Jury trial#United States in all criminal cases. Article Five of the United States Constitution require the approval of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments, which make up the United States Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution form the central basis of Americans individual rights.

Parties, ideology, and politics

File:Barack Obama - ITN.jpg taking the Oath of office of the President of the United States from U.S. Chief Justice John G. Roberts January 20, 2009]] The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary election choose the major party nominees for subsequent general election . Since the United States presidential election, 1856 the major parties have been the Democratic Party (United States) History of the Democratic Party (United States) and the Republican Party (United States) History of the United States Republican Party Since the Civil War, only one Third party (United States) presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt running as a Progressive Party (United States, 1912) in United States presidential election, 1912 has won as much as 20% of the popular vote. Within American political culture the Republican Party is considered center-right or "Conservatism in the United States and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or "Modern liberalism in the United States . The states of the Northeastern United States#Politics and Western United States#Politics and some of the Great Lakes region (North America) states, known as "Red states and blue states , are relatively liberal. The "Political party strength in U.S. states of the Politics of the Southern United States and parts of the Midwestern United States#Political trends and Western United States#Politics are relatively conservative. The winner of the United States presidential election, 2008 Democrat Barack Obama is the List of Presidents of the United States All previous presidents were men of solely European descent. The 2008 elections also saw the Democratic Party strengthen its control of both the United States House of Representatives elections, 2008 and the United States Senate elections, 2008 In the 111th United States Congress the Senate comprises 57 Democrats, two independent (politician) who caucus with the Democrats, and 41 Republicans; the House comprises 255 Democrats and 178 Republicans (two seats are vacant). There are 26 Democratic and 24 Republican List of current United States governors

Political divisions

The United States is a federation of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the Thirteen Colonies that rebelled against British rule. Early in the countrys history, three new states were organized on territory separated from the claims of the existing states: Kentucky from Virginia Tennessee from North Carolina and Maine from Massachusetts Most of the other states have been carved from territories obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont Texas and Hawaii each was an independent republic before joining the union. During the American Civil War West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959. The states Texas v. White to secession from the union. The states compose the vast bulk of the U.S. land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll an uninhabited but territories of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific. Those born in the territories (except for American Samoa) possess Birthright citizenship in the United States of America American citizens residing in the territories have many of the same rights and responsibilities as citizens residing in the states; however, they are generally exempt from federal income tax, may not vote for president, and have only Delegate (United States Congress) Raskin, James B. (2003). Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court Vs. the American People London and New York: Routledge, pp. 36–38. ISBN 0-415-93439-7.

Foreign relations and military

File:Hague Clinton May 14 2010 Crop.jpeg and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton May 2010]] The United States exercises global economic, political, and military influence. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and New York City hosts the United Nations Headquarters It is a member of the G8 G20 major economies and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Almost all countries have List of diplomatic missions in the United States in Washington, D.C., and many have consul (representative) around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host List of diplomatic missions of the United States However, Cuba – United States relations United States-Iran relations North Korea – United States relations Bhutan Sudan and the Republic of China (Taiwan) do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States. The United States enjoys strong ties with the United Kingdom–United States relations Canada – United States relations United States-Australia relations New Zealand – United States relations Japan – United States relations South Korea – United States relations and Israel – United States relations It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and United States free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and United States-Mexico relations In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance the most in the world. As a share of gross national income (GNI), however, the U.S. contribution of 0.18% ranked last among twenty-two donor states. In contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous.lt;/ref> File:USS Abraham Lincoln(CVN 72).jpg aircraft carrier ] The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nations armed forces and appoints its leaders, the United States Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff The United States Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the United States Army United States Navy United States Marine Corps and United States Air Force The United States Coast Guard is run by the United States Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the United States Department of the Navy in time of war. In 2008, the armed forces had 1.4 million personnel on active duty. The Reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States and National Guard of the United States brought the total number of troops to 2.3 million. The Department of Defense also employed about 700,000 civilians, not including contractors.lt;/ref> Military service is voluntary, though Conscription in the United States may occur in wartime through the Selective Service System American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Forces large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navys eleven active aircraft carriers, and Marine Expeditionary Unit at sea with the Navys United States Fleet Forces Command United States Pacific Fleet The military operates 865 bases and facilities abroad,lt;/ref> and maintains Deployments of the United States Military in 28 foreign countries.lt;/ref> The extent of this global military presence has prompted some scholars to describe the United States as maintaining an "empire of bases."lt;/ref> Total U.S. military spending in 2008, more than $600 billion, was over 41% of global military spending and greater than the next fourteen largest national military expenditures combined. The per capita spending of $1,967 was about nine times the world average; at 4% of GDP, the rate was the second-highest among the top fifteen military spenders, after Saudi Arabia lt;/ref> The proposed base military budget of the United States for 2011, $549 billion, is a 3.4% increase over 2010 and 85% higher than in 2001; an additional $159 billion is proposed for the military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan.lt;/ref> As of September 2010, the United States is scheduled to have 96,000 troops deployed to Afghanistan, and 50,000 to Iraq.lt;/ref> As of August 18, 2010, the United States had suffered 4,415 military fatalities during the Iraq War lt;/ref> and 1,229 during the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) lt;/ref>

Economy

| class"infobox" style"font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 270px;" |- style"background:#f5f5f5;" ! colspan"3" | Economic indicators |- | Unemployment || 9.5% (July 2010) || style"text-align: right;" | lt;/ref> |- | GDP growth || 1.6% (2Q 2010)
-2.6% (2009)] || style"text-align: right;" | Change is based on chained dollars Quarterly growth is expressed as an annualized rate. |- | Consumer price index inflation || 1.2% (July 2009 – July 2010) || style"text-align: right;" | lt;/ref> |- | United States public debt || $13.24 trillion (July 16, 2010) || style"text-align: right;" | lt;/ref> |- | Poverty in the United States || 13.2% (2008) || style"text-align: right;" | lt;/ref> |- | Wealth in the United States || $54.2 trillion (4Q 2009) || style"text-align: right;" | lt;/ref> |} The United States has a capitalism mixed economy which is fueled by abundant natural resource , a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), p. 185. ISBN 0-8213-6545-2. According to the International Monetary Fund the U.S. GDP of $14.4 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and almost 21% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP). It has the largest national GDP in the world, though it is about 5% less than the GDP of the European Union at PPP in 2008. The country ranks seventeenth in the world in List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita and sixth in List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita The United States is the List of countries by imports of goods and List of countries by exports though List of countries by exports per capita are relatively low. In 2008, the total U.S. trade deficit was $696 billion."http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/trade/2009-07-10-trade-deficit_N.htm May trade deficit falls to lowest in almost 10 years]". USATODAY.com. July 10, 2009. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners.lt;/ref> In 2007, vehicles constituted both the leading import and leading export commodity.lt;/ref> Economy of Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt, having surpassed Economy of the People's Republic of China in early 2010.lt;/ref> The United States ranks second in the Global Competitiveness Report lt;/ref> File:NYC NYSE.jpg on Wall Street ] In 2009, the private sector is estimated to constitute 55.3% of the economy, with federal government activity accounting for 24.1% and state and local government activity (including federal transfers) the remaining 20.6%.lt;/ref> The economy is post-industrial society with the Tertiary sector of economic activity contributing 67.8% of GDP, though the United States remains an industrial power.lt;/ref> The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade; by net income it is manufacturing.lt;/ref> Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field.lt;/ref> The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer.cite web|urlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.html|titleRank Order—Oil (Consumption)|publisherCIA|workThe World Factbook|accessdate2009-10-12}}lt;/ref> It is the worlds number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. While Agriculture in the United States accounts for just under 1% of GDP, the United States is the worlds top producer of cornlt;/ref> and soybeans.lt;/ref> The New York Stock Exchange is the worlds largest by dollar volume.lt;/ref> Coca-Cola and McDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world.lt;/ref> In the third quarter of 2009, the American labor force comprised 154.4 million people. Of those employed, 81% had jobs in the service sector. With 22.4 million people, government is the leading field of employment.lt;/ref> About 12% of workers are Labor unions in the United States compared to 30% in Western Europe.lt;/ref> The World Bank ranks the United States first in the ease of hiring and firing workers.lt;/ref> Between 1973 and 2003, a years work for the average American grew by 199 hours.lt;/ref> Partly as a result, the United States maintains the highest labor productivity in the world. In 2008, it also led the world in productivity per hour, overtaking Norway, France, Belgium and Luxembourg which had surpassed the United States for most of the preceding decade.lt;/ref> Compared to Europe, U.S. property and corporate Taxation in the United States are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.lt;/ref>

Income and human development

File:Income gains.jpg According to the United States Census Bureau the pretax median household income in 2007 was $50,233. The median ranged from $68,080 in Maryland to $36,338 in Mississippi Using purchasing power parity exchange rates, the overall median is similar to the most affluent cluster of Household income in the United States#International comparison After declining sharply during the middle of the 20th century, Poverty in the United States have plateaued since the early 1970s, with 11–15% of Americans below the poverty threshold every year, and 58.5% spending at least one year in poverty between the ages of 25 and 75.lt;/ref>lt;/ref> In 2007, 37.3 million Americans lived in poverty. The U.S. welfare state is now among the most austere in the developed world, reducing both Economic inequality and poverty threshold by considerably less than the mean for rich nations,Smeeding, T. M. (2005). "Public Policy: Economic Inequality and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective." Social Science Quarterly86, 955–983.Kenworthy, L. (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" Social Forces77(3), 1119–1139. Bradley, D., E. Huber, S. Moller, F. Nielsen, and J. D. Stephens (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies" American Sociological Review68(1), 22–51. though combined private and public social expenditures per capita are higher than in any of the Nordic countries lt;/ref> While the American welfare state does well in reducing poverty among the elderly,Orr, D. (November–December, 2004). "Social Security Isnt Broken: So Why the Rush to Fix It?" In C. Sturr and R. Vasudevan, eds. (2007). Current Economic Issues Boston: Economic Affairs Bureau. the young receive relatively little assistance.lt;/ref> A 2007 United Nations Children's Fund study of childrens well-being in twenty-one industrialized nations ranked the United States next to last.lt;/ref> Despite strong increases in productivity, low unemployment, and low inflation, income gains since 1980 have been slower than in previous decades, less widely shared, and accompanied by increased economic insecurity. Between 1947 and 1979, real income rose by over 80% for all classes, with the incomes of poor Americans rising faster than those of the rich.Bartels, L. M. (2008). Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.lt;/ref> Median household income has increased for all classes since 1980,lt;/ref> largely owing to more dual-earner households, the closing of the Income gender gap and longer work hours, but growth has been slower and strongly tilted toward the very top (see graph).cite web|authorShapiro, Isaac|urlhttp://www.cbpp.org/cms/?faview&id746|titleNew IRS Data Show Income Inequality Is Again on the Rise|date2005-10-17|publisherCenter on Budget and Policy Priorities|accessdate2007-05-16}} Gilbert, D. (1998). The American Class Structure Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-50520-1. Consequently, the share of income of the top 1%—21.8% of total reported income in 2005—has more than doubled since 1980,lt;/ref> leaving the United States with the greatest income inequality among developed nations.cite web|urlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|titleField Listing—Distribution of Family Income—Gini Index|publisherCIA|workThe World Factbook|date2007-06-14|accessdate2007-06-17}} The top 1% pays 27.6% of all federal taxes; the top 10% pays 54.7%.lt;/ref> Wealth, like income, is highly concentrated: The richest 10% of the adult population possesses 69.8% of the countrys household wealth, the second-highest share among developed nations.lt;/ref> The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth.lt;/ref>

Science and technology

File:Buzz salutes the U.S. Flag.jpg during the first human moon landing 1969]] The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. Invention of the telephone Thomas Edison s laboratory developed the phonograph the first Incandescent light bulb and the first viable Kinetoscope Nikola Tesla pioneered alternating current the AC motor and radio In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford promoted the assembly line The Wright brothers in 1903, made the first flying machine lt;/ref> The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear weapons, ushering in the Atomic Age The Space Race produced rapid advances in rocketry, materials science and computers. The United States largely developed the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet Today, the bulk of research and development funding, 64%, comes from the private sector.lt;/ref> The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor lt;/ref> Americans possess high levels of technological consumer goods,lt;/ref> and almost half of U.S. households have broadband Internet access lt;/ref> The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food representing half of the worlds biotech crops.lt;/ref>

Transportation

File:Map of current Interstates.svg which extends lt;ref>lt;/ref>]] Everyday personal transportation in America is dominated by the automobile. As of 2003, there were 759 automobiles per 1,000 Americans, compared to 472 per 1,000 inhabitants of the European Union the following year.lt;/ref> About 40% of Passenger vehicles in the United States are vans, Sport utility vehicle or light trucks.lt;/ref> The average American adult (accounting for all drivers and nondrivers) spends 55 minutes driving every day, traveling lt;/ref> The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned, while most major airports are publicly owned. The four largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are American; Southwest Airlines is number one.lt;/ref> Of the worlds thirty busiest passenger airports, sixteen are in the United States, including the busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport lt;/ref> While transport of goods by rail is extensive, relatively few people use rail to travel, within or between cities.lt;/ref> Public transport accounts for 9% of total U.S. work trips, compared to 38.8% in Europe.lt;/ref> Bicycle usage is minimal, well below European levels.lt;/ref>

Energy

File:Coal mine Wyoming.jpg The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.lt;/ref>]] The United States energy market is 29,000 Watt-hour per year. List of countries by energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, compared to Germanys 4.2 tons and Canadas 8.3 tons. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.lt;/ref> The United States is the worlds largest consumer of petroleum.lt;/ref> For decades, Nuclear power in the United States has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part due to public perception in the wake of the 1979 Three Mile Island accident In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.lt;/ref>

Demographics

File:Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png The U.S. Census Bureau projects the countrys population to be Figure updated automatically. including an estimated 11.2 million Illegal immigration to the United States lt;/ref> The third most populous nation in the world, after People's Republic of China and India the United States is the only industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.lt;/ref> With a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is 0.98%, significantly higher than those of Western Europe, Japan, and South Korea.lt;/ref> In fiscal year 2009, 1.1 million immigrants were granted United States Permanent Resident Card http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/lpr_fr_2009.pdf “U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 2009”]. Office of Immigration Statistics Annual Flow Report.lt;/ref> Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.lt;/ref> The United States has a very multiethnic society thirty-one maps of American ancestries have more than a million members.lt;/ref> White Americans are the largest race (classification of human beings) German American , Irish American , and English American constitute three of the countrys four largest ancestry groups. African American are the nations largest minority group and third largest ancestry group.lt;/ref> Asian American are the countrys second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese American and Filipino American In 2008, the U.S. population included an estimated 4.9 million people with some Native Americans in the United States or Alaska Natives ancestry (3.1 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.1 million with some Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islander ancestry (0.6 million exclusively). |class"infobox" style"font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 240px;" |- style"background:#f5f5f5;" ! colspan"2" | Race/Ethnicity (2008) |- | White American || style"text-align: center;" |79.8% |- | African American || style"text-align: center;" |12.8% |- | Asian American || style"text-align: center;" |4.5% |- | Native Americans in the United States and Alaska Natives || style"text-align: center;" |1.0% |- | Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islander American || style"text-align: center;" |0.2% |- | Multiracial American || style"text-align: center;" | 1.7% |- | Hispanic and Latino Americans (of any race || style"text-align: center;" |15.4% |} The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic transition The 46.9 million Americans of Hispanic descent are identified as sharing a distinct "Race and ethnicity in the United States Census by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican American lt;/ref> Between 2000 and 2008, the countrys Hispanic population increased 32% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.3%. Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America lt;/ref> Fertility is also a factor; the average Hispanic woman gives birth to 3.0 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.2 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1). Minority group (as defined by the Census Bureau, all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constitute 34% of the population; they are projected to be the majority by 2042.lt;/ref> About 82% of Americans live in United States urban area (as defined by the Census Bureau, such areas include the suburb ); about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.lt;/ref> In 2008, 273 List of United States cities by population had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global city had over 2 million (New York City Los Angeles Chicago and Houston .dead link|dateJuly 2010}} There are fifty-two Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas with populations greater than 1 million.dead link|dateJuly 2010}} Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.dead link|dateJuly 2010}} The metro areas of Dallas Houston, Atlanta and Phoenix, Arizona all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.

Language

|class"infobox" style"font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 200px;" |- style"background:#f5f5f5;" !colspan"2"|Languages (2006)lt;/ref> |- |English language (only||style"text-align: center;"|224.2 million |- |Spanish language incl. Spanish-based creole languages |style"text-align: center;"|34.0 million |- |Chinese language |style"text-align: center;"|2.5 million |- |French language incl. French-based creole languages |style"text-align: center;"|2.0 million |- |Tagalog language |style"text-align: center;"|1.4 million |- |Vietnamese language |style"text-align: center;"|1.2 million |- |German language |style"text-align: center;"|1.1 million |- |Korean language |style"text-align: center;"|1.1 million |} American English is the de facto national language Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as United States nationality law#Naturalization standardize English. In 2006, about 224 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish in the United States spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.lt;/ref> Some Americans advocate making English the countrys official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.lt;/ref> Both Hawaiian language and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.lt;/ref> While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.lt;/ref> Other states, such as California mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms.lt;/ref> Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan language and Chamorro language are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian language and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.

Religion

File:BrunswickWhiteChurch.jpg church; most Americans identify as Christian.]] The United States is officially a secular state the First Amendment to the United States Constitution of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the Established church and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives," a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.lt;/ref> According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christianity in the United States lt;/ref> down from 86.4% in 1990.lt;/ref> Protestantism denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism in the United States at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The study categorizes white evangelicalism 26.3% of the population, as the countrys largest religious cohort; another study estimates evangelicals of all races at 30–35%.lt;/ref> The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2007 was 4.7%, up from 3.3% in 1990. The leading non-Christian faiths were American Jews (1.7%), Buddhism in the United States (0.7%), Islam in the United States (0.6%), Hinduism in the United States (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%). The survey also reported that 16.1% of Americans described themselves as agnosticism atheism or simply having irreligion up from 8.2% in 1990.

Education

File:University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg such as the University of Virginia a World Heritage Site founded by Thomas Jefferson lt;/ref>]] American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. Children are required in most states to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade until they turn eighteen (generally bringing them through twelfth grade the end of high school ; some states allow students to leave school at sixteen or seventeen.lt;/ref> About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial school or nonsectarian private school . Just over 2% of children are homeschooling lt;/ref> The United States has many competitive private and public List of American institutions of higher education as well as local community college with open admission policies. Of Americans twenty-five and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree and 9.6% earned graduate degrees.lt;/ref> The basic literacy is approximately 99%.For more detail on U.S. literacy, see http://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006470.PDF A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st century], U.S. Department of Education (2003). The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.lt;/ref>

Health

The United States life expectancy of 77.8 years at birthlt;/ref> is a year shorter than the overall figure in Western Europe, and three to four years lower than that of Norway, Switzerland, and Canada.lt;/ref> Over the past two decades, the countrys rank in life expectancy has dropped from 11th to 42nd in the world.lt;/ref> The infant mortality rate of 6.37 per thousand likewise places the United States 42nd out of 221 countries, behind all of Western Europe.lt;/ref> Approximately Obesity in the United States and an additional third is overweight;lt;/ref> the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.lt;/ref> Obesity-related diabetes mellitus type 2 is considered epidemic by health care professionals.lt;/ref> The U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is nearly four times that of France and five times that of Germany.lt;/ref> Abortion in the United States is highly controversial. Abortion in the US by state ban public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term abortions, require parental notification for minors, and mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling, the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than those of most Western nations.lt;/ref> File:FlightHoustontoDallas086.jpg in Houston the worlds largest medical centerlt;/ref>]] The U.S. health care system far List of countries by total health expenditure (PPP) per capita any other nations, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.OECD Health Data 2000: A Comparative Analysis of 29 CountriesCD-ROM] (OECD: Paris, 2000). See also lt;/ref> The World Health Organization ranked the U.S. health care system in 2000 as first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance. The United States is a leader in medical innovation. In 2004, the nonindustrial sector spent three times as much as Europe per capita on biomedical research.lt;/ref> Unlike in all other developed countries, health care coverage in the United States is not universal health care In 2004, private insurance paid for 36% of personal health expenditures, private out-of-pocket payments covered 15%, and federal, state, and local governments paid for 44%.lt;/ref> In 2005, 46.6 million Americans, 15.9% of the population, were uninsured, 5.4 million more than in 2001. The main cause of this rise is the drop in the number of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance.lt;/ref> The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.lt;/ref> A 2009 study estimated that lack of insurance is associated with nearly 45,000 deaths a year.lt;/ref> In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.lt;/ref> Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed in early 2010 will create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014.

Crime and law enforcement

File:Homicide rate2004.svg Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff s departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the United States Marshals Service have specialized duties. At the federal level and in almost every state, jurisprudence operates on a common law system. State courts conduct most criminal trials; United States federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeal from the state systems. Among developed country the United States has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of Gun violence in the United States and homicide lt;/ref> In 2007, there were 5.6 murders per 100,000 persons,lt;/ref> three times the rate in neighboring Canada.dead link|dateMarch 2010}} The U.S. homicide rate, which decreased by 42% between 1991 and 1999, has been roughly steady since. Second Amendment to the United States Constitution are the subject of Gun politics in the United States The United States has the highest documented incarceration ratelt;/ref> and total prison populationFor the latest data, see For other estimates of the incarceration rate in China and North Korea see lt;/ref> in the world. At the start of 2008, more than 2.3 million people were incarcerated, more than one in every 100 adults.lt;/ref> The current rate is about seven times the 1980 figure.lt;/ref> African American males are jailed at about six times the rate of white males and three times the rate of Hispanic males. In 2006, the U.S. incarceration rate was over three times the figure in Poland, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country with the next highest rate.lt;/ref> The countrys high rate of incarceration is largely due to United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Drug policy of the United States lt;/ref> Though it has been abolished in most Western nations, capital punishment is sanctioned in the United States for certain federal and military crimes, and in thirty-six states. Since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court Gregg v. Georgia after a four-year moratorium, there have been more than 1,000 executions.lt;/ref> In 2006, the country had the sixth highest number of executions in the world, following China, Iran, Pakistan Iraq, and Sudan lt;/ref> In 2007, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively abolish the death penalty since the 1976 Supreme Court decision, followed by New Mexico in 2009.

Culture

File:Motherhood and apple pie.jpg baseball and the Flag of the United States ] The United States is a multiculturalism nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X. Aside from the now small Native Americans in the United States and Native Hawaiians populations, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). The New American Democracy London: Longman, p. 97. ISBN 0-321-07058-5. The culture held in common by most Americans—mainstream American culture—is a Western culture largely derived from the European American with influences from many other sources, such as African American culture Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5. More recent immigration from Asian American and especially Latin American culture has added to a cultural mix that has been described as both a homogenizing melting pot and a heterogeneous salad bowl (cultural idea) in which immigrants and their descendants retain distinctive cultural characteristics. According to Geert Hofstede s cultural dimensions analysis, the United States has the highest individualism score of any country studied.lt;/ref> While the mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society lt;/ref> scholars identify significant differences between the countrys social classes, affecting socialization language, and values.lt;/ref> The American middle class has initiated many contemporary social trends such as History of women in the United States Environmental movement in the United States and multiculturalism.lt;/ref> Americans self-images, social viewpoints, and cultural expectations are associated with their occupations to an unusually close degree.lt;/ref> While Americans tend greatly to value socioeconomic achievement, being Average Joe is generally seen as a positive attribute.lt;/ref> Though the American Dream or the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility plays a key role in attracting immigrants, some analysts find that the United States has less social mobility than Western Europe and Canada.lt;/ref> Women now mostly work outside the home and receive a majority of Educational attainment in the United States lt;/ref> In 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never been married.lt;/ref> Same-sex marriage in the United States is contentious. Some states permit Civil union in the United States in lieu of marriage. Since 2003, Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state have permitted gay marriage as the result of judicial or legislative action, while voters in more than a dozen states have barred the practice via Initiatives and referendums in the United States

Popular media

File:PB050006.JPG ] The worlds first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City in 1894, using Thomas Edison s Kinetoscope The next year saw the first commercial screening of a projected film, also in New York, and the United States was in the forefront of sound film s development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, Los Angeles, California Director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar and Orson Welles s [[Citizen Kane]](1941) is frequently cited as the greatest film of all time.http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html Village Voice 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001)]. Filmsite.org; http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-long.html Sight and SoundTop Ten Poll 2002]. BFI. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. American screen actors like John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe have become iconic figures, while producer/entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animation and movie merchandising The major film studio of Hollywood have produced the most commercially successful movies in history, such as [[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]](1977) and [[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]](1997), and the products of Hollywood today dominate the global film industry.lt;/ref> Americans are the heaviest television viewers in the world,lt;/ref> and the average viewing time continues to rise, reaching five hours a day in 2006.lt;/ref> The four major broadcast networks are all commercial entities. Americans listen to radio programming, also largely commercialized, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day.lt;/ref> Aside from web portal and web search engine the most popular websites are Facebook YouTube Wikipedia Blogger (service) eBay and Craigslist lt;/ref> The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African American music have deeply influenced Music of the United States at large, distinguishing it from European traditions. Elements from folk music idioms such as the blues and what is now known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular music with global audiences. Jazz was developed by innovators such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington early in the 20th century. Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the American folk music revival to become one of Americas most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk More recent American creations include hip hop music and house music American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson and Madonna (entertainer) have become global celebrities.Biddle, Julian (2001). What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America New York: Citadel, p. ix. ISBN 0-8065-2311-5.

Literature, philosophy, and the arts

File:Kerouac by Palumbo.jpg one of the best-known figures of the Beat Generation a group of writers that came to prominence in the 1950s]] In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne Edgar Allan Poe and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the centurys second half; Emily Dickinson virtually unknown during her lifetime, is now recognized as an essential American poet.Harold Bloom 1999. Emily Dickinson Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 0-7910-5106-4. A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville s [[Moby-Dick]](1851), Twains [[Adventures of Huckleberry Finn|The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]](1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald s [[The Great Gatsby]](1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel " Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. Ernest Hemingway the 1954 Nobel laureate, is often named as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). Hemingway: A Biography New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN 0-306-80890-0. Popular literary genres such as the Western fiction and hardboiled developed in the United States. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodern literature authors such as John Barth Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo The transcendentalism led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson established the first major American philosophical movement After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism In the 20th century, the work of Willard Van Orman Quine and Richard Rorty built upon by Noam Chomsky brought analytic philosophy to the fore of U.S. academics. John Rawls and Robert Nozick led a revival of political philosophy In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism (arts) The Realist visual arts paintings of Thomas Eakins are now widely celebrated. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modern art shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963). The Story of the Armory Show New York: Abbeville. ISBN 0-89659-795-4. Georgia O'Keeffe Marsden Hartley and others experimented with new styles, displaying a highly individualistic sensibility. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought fame to American architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright Philip Johnson and Frank Gehry File:Times Square 1-2.JPG in New York City part of the Broadway theatre ] One of the first major promoters of American theater was impresario P. T. Barnum who began operating a lower Manhattan entertainment complex in 1841. The team of Edward Harrigan produced a series of popular musical theatre comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. In the 20th century, the modern musical form emerged on Broadway theatre the songs of musical theater composers such as Irving Berlin Cole Porter and Stephen Sondheim have become Traditional pop music Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners Tennessee Williams Edward Albee and August Wilson Though largely overlooked at the time, Charles Ives s work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition; other experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created an American approach to classical composition. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin developed a unique synthesis of popular and classical music. Choreography Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th century ballet. Americans have long been important in the modern artistic medium of photography with major photographers including Alfred Stieglitz Edward Steichen and Ansel Adams The newspaper comic strip and the American comic book are both U.S. innovations. Superman the quintessential comic book superhero has become an American icon.lt;/ref>

Food

File:Strip Mall Troy.jpg with restaurants featuring Italian-, American-, and Chinese/Japanese-based cuisine]] Mainstream American culinary art are similar to those in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses ingredients such as turkey (bird) white-tailed deer venison potato s, sweet potato s, maize squash (plant) and maple syrup indigenous foods employed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue crab cake , potato chip , and chocolate chip cookie are distinctively American styles. Soul food developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretism cuisines such as Louisiana Creole cuisine Cajun cuisine and Tex-Mex are regionally important. Characteristic dishes such as apple pie fried chicken pizza hamburger , and hot dog derive from the recipes of various immigrants. French fries Mexican dishes such as burrito and taco , and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.lt;/ref> Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein, Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55. ISBN 0-520-23439-1. During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans caloric intake rose 24%; frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what health officials call the American "obesity epidemic." Highly sweetened soft drink are widely popular; sugared beverages account for 9% of the average Americans caloric intake.lt;/ref>

Sports

File:Shea Smith-edit1.jpg quarterback looking to forward pass the ball]] Since the late 19th century, baseball has been regarded as the national sport American football basketball and ice hockey are the countrys three other leading professional team sports. College football and College basketball attract large audiences. Football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport Maccambridge, Michael (2004). Americas Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50454-0. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing particularly NASCAR Association football is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are popular as well. While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball skateboarding snowboarding and cheerleading are American inventions. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have United States at the Olympics The United States has won 2,301 medals at the Summer Olympic Games more than any other country,lt;/ref> and 253 in the Winter Olympic Games the second most.Norway is first.

Measurement systems

The country retains United States customary units constituted largely by British imperial units such as yard , mile , and Fahrenheit Distinct units include the U.S. gallon and pint volume measurements. The United States is one of three countries, along with Burma and Liberia that has not officially adopted the metric system However, International System of Units are increasingly used in science, medicine, and many industrial fields.lt;/ref>

See also

References

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External links

;Government * http://www.usa.gov/ Official U.S. Government Web Portal] Gateway to government sites * http://www.house.gov/ House] Official site of the United States House of Representatives * http://www.senate.gov/ Senate] Official site of the United States Senate * http://www.whitehouse.gov/ White House] Official site of the President of the United States * Supreme Court] Official site of the Supreme Court of the United States ;Overviews and Data * * http://infousa.state.gov/ InfoUSA] Portal to U.S. Information Agency resources * http://www.loc.gov/index.html Library of Congress] Official site of the U.S. Library of Congress * http://www.prb.org/Datafinder/Geography/Summary.aspx?region72®ion_type2 Demographic Highlights] Statistics from the Population Reference Bureau * http://www.teacheroz.com/states.htm The 50 States of the U.S.A.] Collected informational links for each state * wikitravel:United States of America from Wikitravel * http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/616563/United-States United States] Encyclopædia Britannicaentry * * http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ U.S. Census Housing and Economic Statistics] Wide-ranging data from the U.S. Census Bureau * http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services] Official government site * http://www.ers.usda.gov/statefacts/ State Fact Sheets] Population, employment, income, and farm data from the U.S. Economic Research Service * http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/ State Energy Profiles] Economic, environmental, and energy data for each state from the U.S. Energy Information Administration ;History * http://www.nationalcenter.org/HistoricalDocuments.html Historical Documents] Collected by the National Center for Public Policy Research * http://www.religioustolerance.org/nat_mott.htm U.S. National Mottos: History and Constitutionality] Analysis by the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance * http://www.historicalstatistics.org/index2.html USA] Collected links to historical data ;Maps * http://nationalatlas.gov/ National Atlas of the United States] Official maps from the U.S. Department of the Interior * http://www.wikimapia.org/#y41771312&x-99492187&z4&l0&ma United States] Satellite view at WikiMapia (not affiliated with Wikipedia/Wikimedia Foundation * }} Category:United States Category:G8 nations Category:G20 nations Category:Superpowers Category:Bicontinental countries ace:Amirika Carékat af:Verenigde State van Amerika als:USA am:አሜሪካ ang:Ȝeānedu Rīcu American ab:Еиду Америкатә Штатқәа ar:الولايات المتحدة an:Estatos Unitos arc:ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܟܐ frp:Ètats-Unis d’Amèrica as:মাৰ্কিন যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ ast:Estaos Xuníos d'América gn:Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua ay:Istadus Unidus az:Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları bm:Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw bn:মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র zh-min-nan:Bí-kok ba:Америка Ҡушма Штаттары be:Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі be-x-old:Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі bcl:Estados Unidos bi:Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika bar:Vaeinigte Staatn bo:ཨ་མེ་རི་ཁ་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། bs:Sjedinjene Američke Države br:Stadoù-Unanet Amerika bg:Съединени американски щати ca:Estats Units d'Amèrica cv:Америкăри Пĕрлешӳллĕ Штатсем ceb:Estados Unidos cs:Spojené státy americké cbk-zam:Estados Unidos de America co:Stati Uniti d'America cy:Unol Daleithiau America da:USA pdc:Amerikaa de:Vereinigte Staaten dv:އެމެރިކާ nv:Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí dsb:Zjadnośone staty Ameriki dz:ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས et:Ameerika Ühendriigid el:Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής myv:Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ es:Estados Unidos eo:Usono ext:Estaus Unius eu:Ameriketako Estatu Batuak ee:United States fa:ایالات متحده آمریکا hif:United States fo:USA fr:États-Unis fy:Feriene Steaten fur:Stâts Unîts di Americhe ga:Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá gv:Steatyn Unnaneysit America gd:Na Stàitean Aonaichte gl:Estados Unidos de América - United States of America gan:美國 glk:آمریکا gu:સંયુક્ત રાજ્ય અમેરિકા hak:Mî-koet xal:Америкин Ниицәтә Орн Нутгуд ko:미국 ha:Amurika haw:‘Amelika Hui Pū ‘ia hy:Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ hi:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका hsb:Zjednoćene staty Ameriki hr:Sjedinjene Američke Države io:Usa ig:Njikota Obodo Amerika ilo:Estados Unidos iti America bpy:তিলপারাষ্ট্র id:Amerika Serikat ia:Statos Unite de America ie:Unit States de America iu:ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ/amialika ik:United States of America os:Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ xh:IYunayithedi Steyitsi is:Bandaríkin it:Stati Uniti d'America he:ארצות הברית jv:Amérika Sarékat kl:Naalagaaffeqatigiit kn:ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ pam:Estados Unidos krc:Американы Бирлешген Штатлары ka:ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები ks:संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका csb:Zjednóné Kraje Americzi kk:Америка Құрама Штаттары kw:Statys Unys ky:Америка Кошмо Штаттары rn:Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika sw:Marekani kv:Америкаса Ӧтувтӧм Штатъяс ht:Etazini ku:Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê lad:Estatos Unitos d'Amerika la:Civitates Foederatae Americae lv:Amerikas Savienotās Valstis lb:Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika lt:Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos lij:Stati Unïi d'America li:Vereinegde State van Amerika ln:Lisangá lya Ameríka jbo:mergu'e lg:Amereka lmo:Stat Ünì d'America hu:Amerikai Egyesült Államok mk:Соединети Американски Држави mg:Etazonia ml:അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ mt:Stati Uniti tal-Amerika mi:Hononga-o-Amerika mr:अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने arz:امريكا mzn:موتحده ایالات ms:Amerika Syarikat cdo:Mī-guók mwl:Stados Ounidos de la América mdf:Америконь Соткс mn:Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс my:အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု nah:Tlacetilīlli Tlahtohcāyōtl Ixachitlān na:USA nl:Verenigde Staten nds-nl:Verienigde Staoten van Amerika ne:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका new:अमेरिका ja:アメリカ合衆国 nap:State Aunite d'Amereca ce:Iамерка пачхьалк frr:Feriind Stoote foon Ameerika pih:Yunitid Staits no:Amerikas forente stater nn:USA nrm:Êtats Unnis d'Améthique nov:Unionati States de Amerika oc:Estats Units d'America mhr:АУШ om:USA uz:Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari pa:ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ pag:United States pnb:امریکہ pap:Estadonan Uni di Merka ps:د امريکا متحده ايالات km:សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក pcd:Étots-Unis pms:Stat Unì d'América tpi:Ol Yunaitet Stet nds:USA pl:Stany Zjednoczone pt:Estados Unidos crh:Amerika Qoşma Ştatları ty:Fenua Marite ksh:Ammilandt ro:Statele Unite ale Americii rm:Stadis Unids qu:Hukllachasqa Amirika Suyukuna ru:Соединённые Штаты Америки sah:Америка Холбоһуктаах Штаттара se:Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat sm:Iunaite Sitete o Amerika sc:Istados Unidos de America sco:Unitit States stq:Fereende Stoaten fon Amerikoa sq:Shtetet e Bashkuara scn:Stati Uniti si:අ'මෙරිකා‍වේ එක්සත් රාජ්‍යයන් simple:United States sk:Spojené štáty cu:Ѥдьнѥ́нꙑ Амєрїка́ньскꙑ Дрьжа́вꙑ sl:Združene države Amerike szl:Zjednoczůne Sztaty so:Mareykan ckb:وڵاتە یەکگرتووەکان srn:Kondre Makandrameki sr:Сједињене Америчке Државе sh:Sjedinjene Američke Države su:Amérika Sarikat fi:Yhdysvallat sv:USA tl:Estados Unidos ta:அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு tt:Amerika Quşma Ştatları te:అమెరికా సంయుక్త రాష్ట్రాలు tet:Estadu Naklibur Sira Amérika Nian th:สหรัฐอเมริกา tg:Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико to:Puleʻanga Fakataha ʻo ʻAmelika chr:ᎠᎺᎢ tr:Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tk:Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary uk:Сполучені Штати Америки ur:ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ ug:ئامېرىكا قوشما شىتاتلىرى za:Meigoz vec:Stati Unìi de la Mèrica vi:Hoa Kỳ vo:Lamerikän fiu-vro:Ameeriga Ütisriigiq wa:Estats Unis zh-classical:美國 vls:Verênigde Stoaten van Amerika war:Estados Unidos wo:Diiwaan yu Bennoo wuu:美利坚合众国 ts:United States yi:פאראייניקטע שטאטן פון אמעריקע yo:Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aparapọ̀ ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà zh-yue:美國 diq:Dewletê Amerikayê Yewbiyayey zea:Vereênigde Staeten bat-smg:JAV zh:美國